How accurate are 'due dates'? (2024)

When Penelope Chaney met up with her friend, Eleanor Marshall, she had good news to share - she was pregnant. But Eleanor also had good news... she was pregnant too. And amazingly, both had been given the same predicted delivery date - 4 April. So what are the chances of both giving birth on the same day?

In the UK, where Chaney and Marshall live, a woman's estimated date of delivery is first calculated by using the date of her last period and adding 280 days, or 40 weeks.

That is followed by an ultrasound scan where another estimate is made, based on the size of the foetus.

If the two "due dates" differ by a week or more, the scan is taken as the more accurate measure.

It's the same in most developed countries.

But data from the Perinatal Institute, a non-profit organisation, shows that an estimated date of delivery is rarely accurate - in fact, a baby is born on its predicted due date just 4% of the time.

The figure is higher when premature births and pregnancies with complications are not included, but only marginally (4.4%).

While it may be helpful for parents to get an idea of when their child will arrive, the main purpose of the due date is to "define a metric for the care" of the mother during pregnancy, says Prof Jason Gardosi of the Perinatal Institute.

"So, for example, to interpret early pregnancy blood tests for the risk for example of congenital anomalies, it's important to know how far gone the pregnancy is."

The advice to the expectant mother, he says, is that the baby is likely to come any time between 37 weeks (259 days) and 42 weeks (294 days), a period referred to as "term", when the baby has reached full maturity, Gardosi says.

For women like Penelope and Eleanor, whose pregnancies are straightforward and low risk, 60% of babies are born within a week either side of the estimated date of delivery.

More than 90% are born two weeks either side of the predicted date.

But, as noted above, only 4% (or 4.4%, ignoring pregnancies with complications etc) are born on the predicted date itself - in other words, the chance of this happening is less than one in 20.

What, then, are the chances of Penelope's and Eleanor's babies both being born on 4 April?

Only 4.4% of 4.4%, or 0.2%. That's a probability of one in 500.

The chance that their children will be born on the same day - any day, not necessarily 4 April - is higher. It's about one in 30.

Gardosi says the statistics reveal an important message for pregnant women.

The phrase "due date" is misleading. That makes it sound too accurate, he says - it should really be called an "estimated date".

"Many mothers are unnecessarily anxious or impatient if there's too much reliance on the expected date of delivery," Gardosi says. "We really need to explain to them that this is just a date which helps us to determine the other milestones in pregnancy."

  • German obstetrician Franz Karl Naegele (1778-1851) suggested taking the first day of the expectant mother's last period, adding one year, subtracting three months, and adding seven days

  • This can vary by up to three days from the usual system used today - adding 280 days (or 40 weeks) to the first day of the last period

  • In France it is standard to add two weeks and nine months to the first day of the last period - or a total of 41 weeks - explains Carrieanne Le Bras at the French Mamma website, external - though this date may be revised in the light of ultrasound tests

  • But according to Roshni Patel, an obstetrician at the Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, French doctors "just manage expectations better" - while doctors in the UK or US wait up to two weeks after an estimated delivery date before inducing birth, French doctors give women an extra week to start with, then induce more quickly

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How accurate are 'due dates'? (2024)

FAQs

How accurate are due dates usually? ›

More than 90% are born two weeks either side of the predicted date. But, as noted above, only 4% (or 4.4%, ignoring pregnancies with complications etc) are born on the predicted date itself - in other words, the chance of this happening is less than one in 20.

How true are due dates? ›

Summary. The 'due date' is only a rough estimate of when your baby is likely to be born. It may be more helpful to think about the range of dates from 37 to 42 weeks when it is likely that you will give birth. Your family history, ethnicity and other personal factors can all affect how long your pregnancy will last.

What are the odds of giving birth on your due date? ›

It is very common for pregnant women to go beyond their due date. In fact, only about 5 per cent of women actually give birth on the exact date they are due. Most babies arrive between 37 weeks and 41 weeks of pregnancy, but usually within a week either side of their expected due date.

What is the most accurate way to determine due date? ›

You can calculate your baby's estimated due date based on the date of the first day of your last menstrual period (LMP). Your baby will be 'due' around 40 weeks after the first day of your LMP. This method is particularly accurate if you have a regular menstrual cycle.

How often can your due date be wrong? ›

In general, this doesn't happen a lot—but it usually depends on how your due date is calculated in the first place. “If dating is only based on the last menstrual period and a later ultrasound shows a discrepancy, then the due date may be changed,” Lamppa says.

How to tell if baby will come early? ›

If you have any of these signs or symptoms before your 37th week of pregnancy, you may be experiencing preterm labor: Change in your vagin*l discharge (watery, mucus or bloody) or more vagin*l discharge than usual. Pressure in your pelvis or lower belly, like your baby is pushing down. Constant low, dull backache.

What is the most common time to go into labor? ›

The average length of pregnancy is 280 days, or 40 weeks. But there is no way to know exactly when you will go into labor. Most women give birth between 38 and 41 weeks of pregnancy.

What's the most common week to give birth? ›

When are most babies born?
  • 57.5 percent of all recorded births occur between 39 and 41 weeks.
  • 26 percent of births occur at 37 to 38 weeks.
  • About 7 percent of births occur at weeks 34 to 36.
  • About 6.5 percent of births occur at week 41 or later.
  • About 3 percent of births occur before 34 weeks of pregnancy.
Feb 28, 2020

Do first babies usually come early or late? ›

Instead, it is more accurate to give people a range of time that they will probably give birth: About half of first-time mothers will give birth by 40 weeks and 5 days after the first day of their last menstrual period, with the other half giving birth after that time point.

What month are most babies born? ›

“The Center for Disease Control and Prevention tracks birth data nationwide, and July through October are the busiest birth months, with August typically having the highest number of births.

How long can a baby stay in the womb after the due date? ›

A pregnancy lasts about 40 weeks on average. Few babies are born right on their due date, though. Most are born a few days before or after. The pregnancy is overdue if the baby hasn't been born by the due date, and it is considered to be post-term if it continues for longer than 42 weeks.

What time of day are most babies born? ›

Home births peaked in early morning between 2:00 am and 5:00 am. In England and the Netherlands, hospital spontaneous vagin*l births showed a generally similar timing pattern to home births. In the U.S., the pattern was reversed with a prolonged peak of spontaneous vagin*l hospital births between 8:00 am to 5:00 pm.

Are due dates 100% accurate? ›

It can be expected that the baby's estimated due date is almost never 100 percent accurate because most women are unaware of the exact date they conceived.

How reliable are due dates? ›

Only about 5% of babies will arrive on their due date and focusing on this single date can make the end of pregnancy quite stressful. It may be more helpful to be prepared for you baby arrive some time after 37 weeks, and to focus on 42 weeks as the time by which you have a good chance of having given birth.

How accurate is a woman's due date? ›

While most babies are born within two weeks of their due date, very few arrive "on time." In fact, only 4% of pregnant people give birth on their due date.

How accurate is an 8 week ultrasound for due date? ›

An early obstetric ultrasound performed at approximately 8 weeks where a crown rump length (the CRL) is measured precisely predicts an estimated due date accurately. The accuracy of ultrasound measurements used to confirm the calculated due date will be much less accurate further into the pregnancy.

How early before due date is normal? ›

Giving birth up to two weeks before and two weeks after are still considered normal, she said, though she noted that as inductions have become more common, it's rare for pregnancies to last 42 weeks.

Are first babies usually late or early? ›

The general pattern is that first babies are more likely to be early (37 weeks or less), less likely to be on time (38-40), and more likely to be late (41 or more). In terms of relative risk, first babies are 8% more likely to be born early and 66% more likely to be late.

Are second babies usually early or late? ›

But if your first child was full term or even a few weeks early, there's no indication that the second will come sooner. “In fact, babies love to surprise their mothers and then sometimes come late!” she says. “The initiation of labor is a very complex process and doesn't always follow a pattern.”

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