The science behind baking thin and crispy chocolate chip cookies (2024)

The science behind baking thin and crispy chocolate chip cookies (1)

I never met a chocolate chip cookie that I didn’t like, but I have to say that these Thin and Crispy Chocolate Chip Cookies are my all-time favorite. Even if you prefer soft and chewy chocolate chip cookies, you’ll find it hard to resist these buttery cookies filled with yummy chocolate chips and toasted pecans.

Most chocolate chip cookie recipes contain the same basic ingredients – butter, granulated sugar, brown sugar, eggs, vanilla extract, flour, salt, baking soda and chocolate chips. What makes one chocolate chip cookie differ from another one are the following: (1) type and proportion of ingredients; (2) addition of nuts; (3) manner in which dough is put together; and (4) how the cookies are baked.

The science behind baking thin and crispy chocolate chip cookies (2)

Type and proportion of ingredients

Let’s talk about two of the main ingredients – flour and sugar. Did you know that not all flours are created equal? What distinguishes one all-purpose flour one from another is the protein content. The higher the protein content, the more likely gluten will form when the flour is mixed with the other ingredients. As the gluten forms, the cookies will become less crisp.

Therefore, if you want a light and crispy cookie, reach for an all-purpose flour like Gold Medal Blue as opposed to King Arthur. Also, the proportion of flour to butter impacts the thickness and ultimate crispiness of the cookie. Recipes like this one that produce thin and crispy cookies tend to have less flour relative to the amount of butter than those that produce plump cookies.

Light brown sugar and dark brown sugar can generally be used interchangeably in cookie recipes. Both are made by adding molasses to refined white sugar. In addition, both add moisture to your baked goods and a slight acidity that reacts with baking soda to enhance the rise. However, dark brown sugar causes the cookie to be slightly darker and taste more caramelly.

Addition of nuts

With rare exceptions, I always add toasted pecans to my cookie recipes. I love the taste of pecans and the toasting brings out an incredible depth of flavor lacking in the raw nut. It is super easy to toast pecans. Just spread them on a baking sheet and cook in a preheated 350° F oven for 8 to 10 minutes.

Putting the dough together

Most cookie recipes call for beating the butter with the sugars until creamy, beating in the eggs until everything is creamy, and then beating in/adding the remaining ingredients. The more the butter and sugars are beaten, the more air that is incorporated into the final dough. This will result in a plumper cookie that somewhat deflates as it cools. Also, once the flour is added, the more the dough is worked the more gluten that is formed and the tougher the cookie. Therefore, if you what a thin, crisp cookie, minimize the amount of air that is beaten into the dough and the amount of glutenthat is formed.

How the cookies are baked

I always use an ice cream scoop to partition out the cookie dough. By using an ice cream scoop, I am able to produce cookies that are uniform and size and shape. Once I have scooped out the dough, I take each piece and roll it into a ball. Then, I take my damp hand and flatten the dough to about 3/8-inch. The reason that I flatten these cookies is that I want them to be thin. Flattening them gives a head start to the thin and crispy finale.

And now the recipe.

Thin and Crispy Chocolate Chip Cookie

Makes 6 dozen cookies

Ingredients:

1cupsalted butter,softened (See Tip 1)

3/4cup(5.25 ounces) granulated sugar

3/4cup(5.63 ounces) firmly packed dark brown sugar

2large eggs, room temperature

2teaspoonsvanilla extract

1teaspoonsalt

1teaspoonbaking soda

2cups(10 ounces) all-purpose flour(See Tip 2)

2cupssemisweet chocolate chips

1cuptoasted pecan pieces(See Tip 3)

Instructions

Preheat the oven to 350° F. Line cookie sheets with silicon or parchment paper; set aside.

In a large bowl, cream the butter and sugars on medium speed just until they come together, about 1 minute. Add the eggs and vanilla. Beat on medium speed just until the mixture is combined, about 30 seconds. Add the salt and baking soda; beat on medium just until combined, about 30 seconds. (See Tip 4)

Add the flour; beat on low just until combined, about 30 seconds. Fold in the chocolate chips and toasted pecans. Do not over mix the dough.

Drop the cookies 2 inches apart onto the prepared cookie sheets using a small ice cream scoop. Flatten cookie dough to about 3/8-inch thick with a wet hand. (See Tip 5)

Bake in preheated 350° F oven for 12 minutes or until the edges and centers are brown. Allow to cool for 5 minutes on cookie sheet. Remove the cookies to a wire rack to cool completely.

Yield: 6 dozen cookies.

Chula's HelpfulTips

Tip 1: I used salted butter for this recipe. You could also use unsalted butter. However, with unsalted butter, increase the amount of salt by 1/4 teaspoon fora total of 1 1/4 teaspoons.

Tip 2: I used Gold Medal bleached all-purpose flour (blue) because of its low protein content. The low protein content minimizes the gluten formation and results in a lighter and crispier cookie.

Tip 3: I always add toasted pecans because I love them in cookies. However, youcould definitely omit them or use walnuts in place of the pecans. To toast the pecans, spread in a single layer on a baking sheet. Bake in a preheated 350° F oven for 8 or 9 minutes until lightly toasted. Watch carefully.

Tip 4: Most recipes call for whiskingthe salt and baking sodawith the flour. I consistentlybeat them into the "wet" ingredients right before I add the flour. This way, I know that they are thoroughly incorporated into the dough.

Tip 5: My smallest ice cream scoop is about 1 1/8-inch in diameter. If you don't have an ice cream scoop, then you can use a tablespoon to drop the cookies. To ensure round cookies, roll the dropped dough into a ball with damp hands. Then, flatten the dough with a dampened hand to about 3/8 of an inch.

Chula King is the blogger behind PudgeFactor.com.

The science behind baking thin and crispy chocolate chip cookies (2024)

FAQs

What is the science behind baking chocolate chip cookies? ›

The most important science behind a chocolate chip cookie happens at 310 degrees. The Maillard Reaction takes place when sugar combines with amino acids, which come from protein. Once the sugar and amino acids get together, they form new chemical compounds that produce amazing tastes, smells and textures.

What makes cookies crispy when baking? ›

Using lower-moisture sugar (granulated) and fat (vegetable shortening), plus a longer, slower bake than normal, produces light, crunchy cookies. That said, using a combination of butter and vegetable shortening (as in the original recipe), or even using all butter, will make an acceptably crunchy chocolate chip cookie.

Why did my cookies come out thin and crispy? ›

Flour adds fluff and texture to the cookies. Adding too little flour can cause cookies to be flat, greasy, and crispy. Most recipes assume you'll use all-purpose, but if you want a lighter, crumblier cookie texture, choose one with a lower protein content such as cake-and-pastry flour.

What determines the crispness of a cookie? ›

Remember moisture is the key! White sugar creates crispier cookies and brown sugar creates chewier cookies. Why use melted butter? Melted butter creates cookies with a different texture compared to cookies made with softened or creamed butter.

What does adding milk to cookie dough do? ›

The moisture contributed by the milk will also increase spread and hydrate more of the starches in the flour. These hydrated (gelatinized) starches support the structure of the air pocket wall, keeping the cookies from collapsing once cooled. By holding more water, they also help keep the cookies softer over time.

What does adding more brown sugar to cookies do? ›

Brown sugar, meanwhile, is dense and compacts easily, creating fewer air pockets during creaming—that means that there's less opportunity to entrap gas, creating cookies that rise less and spread more. With less moisture escaping via steam, they also stay moist and chewy.

What ingredient contributes most to the texture of a crisp cookie? ›

Fat is a very important ingredient in cookies – it tenderizes, crisps and browns, adds color and a wonderful flavor that is impossible to duplicate. Butter, our fat of choice, ensures good baking results and adds the most desirable taste, texture and appearance.

Why are my cookies cakey and not crispy? ›

Using too much flour will make your cookies too cakey, so try reducing the flour amount by two tablespoons. Avoid using cake flour instead; try a mix of all-purpose flour and bread flour for a more dense and chewy texture. Using too much baking powder. According to the science geeks at Serious Eats—we love you!

Does baking soda or baking powder make cookies crispy? ›

Baking soda is also present in baking powder, but in a smaller amount, so it has a lower pH level which results in less browning. Baking soda in cookies leads to more spread and a crispy edge compared to baking powder, as shown in the photos below.

What makes cookies thin or thick? ›

Also, the proportion of flour to butter impacts the thickness and ultimate crispiness of the cookie. Recipes like this one that produce thin and crispy cookies tend to have less flour relative to the amount of butter than those that produce plump cookies.

What does cornstarch do to cookies? ›

The science is simple: According to the flour authorities over at Bob's Red Mill, cornstarch can help “soften the rigid proteins of the flour, resulting in a light and chewy dessert.” “The cornstarch complements the flour in absorbing the liquids, but won't develop gluten structure like the flour will,” stresses ...

What can cause a cookie to be too crisp or soft? ›

17, 2021. The ingredients you use and how you shape your cookies both play an important role in whether your cookies turn out crispy or chewy. The type of flour and sugar you use, if your cookie dough contains eggs, and whether you use melted or softened butter all factor into the crispy-chewy equation, too.

What makes cookies crispy instead of chewy? ›

Sugar: Using white sugar or corn syrup in a cookie produces a crisp end product. Corn syrup also browns more readily than some other sugars. Egg: Recipes without egg will yield a flatter, crisper cookie with more spread. Eggs provide moisture for steam which leavens the cookie dough.

How to make cookies more crispy? ›

Using low-moisture ingredients such as granulated sugar and vegetable shortening will get you to the level of light and crispy you want. Adding milk will also help the cookies spread in the oven and produce crispier edges.

What is the science behind baking cookies? ›

As the butter melts, the cookie's structure loosens, so that the water in the dough is able to combine with the baking soda, dissolving it. The baking soda then reacts to the acidic components present in brown sugar, creating gases that cause the cookie to rise.

What happens chemically when you bake cookies? ›

Heat breaks the sucrose into the simple sugars glucose and fructose, giving each cookie a shiny, light brown crust. When you take the cookies out of the oven, the hot water gases in the cookie contract. The chemical changes that occurred during baking help the cookie keep its shape.

How does baking cookies relate to physics? ›

Physics tells us that heat causes the cookies to expand. This is because gasses within the cookies such as carbon dioxide increase as temperature increases. Then, the structural elements like egg and flour proteins form the shape of the cookies.

What is the chocolate chip cookie theory? ›

The Chocolate Chip Cookie Effect explains that when any illicit drug, like Fentanyl, is mixed with other drugs, it is NEVER mixed evenly. If you split the cookie (a pressed pill) in half, one half may be fine, while the other half contains a lethal amount of Fentanyl.

Is baking chocolate chip cookies endothermic or exothermic? ›

Your uncooked treat is experiencing an endothermic reaction in the oven. As you might know, water evaporates at 100°C, which is 212 °F. When the cookie dough reaches this temperature in the oven, the water inside will turn into steam and the cookie will therefore start to rise as vapors push through the dough.

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