INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY (MENTAL RETARDATION)
ICD-10 Diagnostic Criteria
ID represents a group of conditions characterized by impairment of skills manifested during the neurodevelopmental period, skills which contribute to the overall level of intelligence, i.e. cognitive, language, motor, and social abilities*. ID can occur with or without any other mental or physical condition.
Intellectual abilities and social adaptation may change over time, and, however poor, may improve as a result of training and rehabilitation. Diagnosis should be based on the current levels of functioning. Degrees of ID are conventionally estimated by standardized intelligence tests. These can be supplemented by scales assessing social adaptation in a given environment. These measures provide an approximate indication of the degree of ID. The diagnosis will also depend on the overall assessment of intellectual functioning by a skilled diagnostician.
If desired, additional codes are used to identify associated conditions such as autism, other developmental disorders, epilepsy, conduct disorders, or severe physical handicap.
A fourth-character subdivision is used to further signify ID categories (F70-F79) in order to identify the extent of impairment (or severity):
.0 With the statement of no, or minimal, impairment of behavior
.1 Significant impairment of behavior requiring attention or treatment
.8 Other impairments of behavior
.9 Without mention of impairment of behavior
F70 Mild
Approximate IQ range of 50 to 69 (in adults, mental age from 9 to under 12 years). Likely to result in some learning difficulties in school. As adults individuals will be able to work and maintain good social relationships and contribute to society.
F71 Moderate
Approximate IQ range of 35 to 49 (in adults, mental age from 6 to under 9 years). Likely to result in marked developmental delays in children but most can learn to develop some degree of independence in self-care and acquire adequate communication and academic skills. As adults they will need varying degrees of support to live and work in the community.
F72 Severe
Approximate IQ range of 20 to 34 (in adults, mental age from 3 to under 6 years). Likely to result in continuous need of support.
F73 Profound Mental Retardation
IQ under 20 (in adults, mental age below 3 years). Results in severe limitation in self-care, continence, communication and mobility.
F78 Other
F79 Unspecified
Individuals who have an age of onset after 18 qualify for the diagnosis qualify for F78 Other, and in those IQ range is not known, it is referred to as F79 Unspecified.
Adapted with permission for International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems 10th Revision <http://apps.who.int/classifications/icd10/browse/2010/en>
*Intellectual Disability (ID) has gained universal usage replacing the term Mental Retardation (MR). In this chapter and table we refer to ID as synonymous to MR under the World Health Organization (WHO) International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems 10th Revision (ICD-10). This is expected to change under the 11th revision (ICD-11) forthcoming in 2018.
Intellectual Disability ...
FAQs
What is IDD? An intellectual or developmental disability, also called IDD, includes many severe, chronic conditions that are due to mental and/or physical impairments.
What is intellectual disability quizlet? ›
Definition of Intellectual Disability: --A disability characterized by significant limitations both in INTELLECTUAL FUNCTIONING and in ADAPTIVE BEHAVIOR as expressed in conceptual, social and practical adaptive skills. This disability originates before age 18.
Can a person with mild intellectual disability live alone? ›
Some people may experience minor effects but still live independent lives. Others may have severe effects and need lifelong assistance and support. A common misconception is that intellectual disability is just a limitation on intelligence as assessed by a simple IQ test.
What difficulties does a person with an intellectual disability encounter? ›
An intellectual disability may affect a person's ability to learn new information, communicate, cope and effectively solve problems on their own. Having an intellectual disability can create stress and vulnerability, for both the person and their support network.
Is ADHD intellectual disability? ›
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by symptoms of inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity that interfere with functioning or development. It's important to note that ADHD is not synonymous with intellectual impairment.
Does intellectual disability mean autism? ›
A simplistic way of differentiating the two conditions would be to ascribe deficits in more narrowly defined or core areas to autism, while intellectual disability entails deficits across functional domains.
What is intellectual disability in simple words? ›
What Is an Intellectual Disability? Intellectual disability (or ID) is a term used when a person has certain limitations in cognitive functioning and skills, including conceptual, social and practical skills, such as language, social and self-care skills.
What disorder is under intellectual disability? ›
Some mental health, neurodevelopmental, medical and physical conditions frequently co-occur in individuals with intellectual disability, including autism spectrum disorder, cerebral palsy, epilepsy, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, impulse control disorder, and depression and anxiety disorders.
Which of the following is an example of an intellectual disability? ›
2) Which of the following is an example of an intellectual disability? Correct! Mental Retardation: A DSM-IV-TR defined disorder in which an individual has significantly below average intellectual functioning characterised by an IQ of 70 or below.
Does a person with intellectual disability have normal intelligence? ›
IQ test results fall along the normal (bell-shaped) curve, with an average IQ of 100, and individuals who are intellectually disabled are usually two standard deviations below the average (IQ below 70).
Levels of Intellectual Disability
| Level | IQ Range |
|---|
| Mild | IQ 52–69 |
| Moderate | IQ 36–51 |
| Severe | IQ 20–35 |
| Profound | IQ 19 or below |
A person may also qualify for benefits with an IQ that is less than 70 but greater than 60 if symptoms including difficulty socializing, inability to complete routine self-care tasks, severe difficulty concentrating or periods of worsening of symptoms are present.
How do people with intellectual disability behave? ›
Other behavioral traits associated with intellectual disability—but not deemed criteria for a diagnosis—include aggression, dependency, impulsivity, gullibility, passivity, self-injury, stubbornness, low self-esteem, low frustration tolerance, and high risk of suicide.
What is the number one cause of intellectual disability? ›
The most common known preventable or environmental cause of intellectual disability is fetal alcohol syndrome, the most common chromosomal cause is Down syndrome, and the most common genetic cause is Fragile X syndrome.
How to tell if someone is mentally slow? ›
Here are the signs you should look for if you suspect you or a loved one may have an intellectual disability:
- Slow learning development.
- Failure to meet milestones in the development.
- Difficulty reading or speaking.
- Failing to understand social cues.
- Issues remembering or recalling things.
Intellectual disability (or ID) is a term used when a person has certain limitations in cognitive functioning and skills, including conceptual, social and practical skills, such as language, social and self-care skills.
What is the difference between developmental disorder and developmental disability? ›
Developmental disorder or developmental disability means a severe, chronic disability of an individual who has a mental or physical impairment by the age of 22 which is likely to continue indefinitely and results in substantial functional limitations in three or more areas of major life activity.
What is the idea definition of intellectual disability? ›
Intellectual disability, formerly labeled “mental retardation,” is defined by the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) as “significantly subaverage general intellectual functioning, existing concurrently [at the same time] with deficits in adaptive behavior and manifested during the developmental period, ...
Is intellectual disability the same as mental illness? ›
A person with an intellectual disability has a life-long condition of slow intellectual development, where medication has little or no effect. A person with mental illness has a disorder that can be treated with medication, psychotherapy or other supports.
